AVANÇOS EM CIÊNCIA E TECNOLOGIA DE PLASMAS NO BRASIL: DAS ORIGENS AO PRESENTE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17563/rbav.v44i1.1274Palavras-chave:
Tecnologia de plasma, Energia de fusão, Plasma espacial, Plasma atmosférico, Plasma na medicina e agriculturaResumo
Esta revisão analisa a evolução da ciência e da tecnologia de plasmas no Brasil, traçando seu desenvolvimento desde as origens em meados do século XX até a consolidação de um ecossistema multi-institucional. Organizado em torno de quatro pilares centrais – fusão controlada, plasmas tecnológicos em vácuo e em altas temperaturas, fenômenos fundamentais de plasma e plasmas espaciais e astrofísicos – o texto situa o avanço brasileiro no contexto internacional das pesquisas em fusão, física da ionosfera, engenharia de materiais e medicina plasmática. Sintetiza o legado das iniciativas baseadas em vácuo, incluindo programas de tokamak, propulsão elétrica, tecnologias de filmes finos e engenharia de superfícies, e décadas de estudos ionosféricos e de clima espacial viabilizados pela localização equatorial do país. O artigo examina o surgimento de uma rede distribuída de laboratórios e empresas que conecta a Universidade de São Paulo (USP), o Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), o Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica (ITA), a Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), a Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) e instituições parceiras a aplicações nos setores aeroespacial, energético, manufatureiro, agroindustrial e de saúde. Dá-se ênfase especial à recente expansão das pesquisas em plasmas em pressão atmosférica, incluindo plasmas frios atmosféricos e líquidos ativados por plasma, que atualmente impulsionam avanços translacionais em medicina, odontologia, agricultura, remediação ambiental e catálise, já contando com dispositivos aprovados pela Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA) e demonstrações em escala piloto. A revisão também discute aspectos de governança, organização comunitária e os efeitos de restrições persistentes de financiamento, destacando a vulnerabilidade de pesquisas de longo horizonte, como fusão e física fundamental de plasmas. Conclui-se identificando oportunidades para programas orientados por missão nas áreas de fusão e espaço, descarbonização e química verde habilitadas por plasma, escalonamento industrial e uso coordenado de infraestruturas compartilhadas para fortalecer a competitividade nacional e apoiar o desenvolvimento sustentável.
Downloads
Referências
1. Lieberman MA, Lichtenberg AJ. Principles of plasma discharges and materials processing. 3rd ed. New York: Wiley; 2024.
2. Chen FF. Introduction to plasma physics and controlled fusion. 3rd ed. Cham: Springer; 2016.
3. Adamovich I, Agarwal S, Ahedo E, Alves LL, Baalrud S, Babaeva N, et al. The 2022 Plasma Roadmap: low temperature plasma science and technology. J Phys D Appl Phys. 2022;55(37):373001. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/ac5e1c
4. Anirudh R, Archibald R, Asif MS, Becker MM, Benkadda S, Bremer PT, et al. 2022 Review of data-driven plasma science. IEEE Trans Plasma Sci. 2022;51(7):1750-1838. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2023.3268170
5. Viana RL, Caldas IL Contribuições pioneiras à física de plasmas no Brasil. Rev Bras Ensino Fis. 2023;45. https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9126-RBEF-2023-0009
6. Sociedade Brasileira de Física. A física no Brasil. São Paulo: Sociedade Brasileira de Física; 1987.
7. Galvão RMO, Amador CHS, Baquero WAH, Borges F, Caldas IL, Cuevas NAM, et al. Report on recent results obtained in TCABR. J Phys Conf Ser. 2015;591:012001. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/591/1/012001
8. Carmo CS, Dai L, Denardini CM, Figueiredo CAOB, Wrasse CM, Resende LCA, et al. Equatorial plasma bubbles features over the Brazilian sector according to the solar cycle and geomagnetic activity level. Front Astron Space Sci. 2023;10:1252511. https://doi.org/10.3389/fspas.2023.1252511
9. Paula ER, Rodrigues FS, Iyer KN, Kantor IJ, Abdu MA, Kintner PM, et al. Equatorial anomaly effects on GPS scintillations in Brazil. Adv Space Res. 2003;31(3):749-754. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0273-1177(03)00048-6
10. Koga-Ito CY, Kostov KG, Miranda FS, et al. Cold atmospheric plasma as a therapeutic tool in medicine and dentistry. Plasma Chem Plasma Process. 2024;44:1393-1429. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11090-023-10380-5
11. Borges AC, Kostov KG, Pessoa RS, Abreu GMA, Lima GMG, Figueira LW, et al. Applications of cold atmospheric pressure plasma in dentistry. Appl Sci. 2021;11:1975. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11051975
12. Palma MO, Pavani LY, Senff L, Duarte DA, Catapan RC. A novel liquid-phase plasma discharge process for singlestep emulsification and continuous biodiesel production. Fuel. 2025;400:135686. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2025.135686
13. Langmuir I. Oscillations in ionized gases. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1928;14:627-637. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.14.8.627
14. Appleton EV, Booker HG. The absorption of wireless waves in the ionosphere. Proc R Soc A. 1935;149:191-215.
15. Chandrasekhar S. An introduction to the study of stellar structure. Oxford: Clarendon Press; 1939.
16. Alfvén H, Existence of electromagnetic-hydrodynamic waves. Nature. 1942;150:405-406. https://doi.org/10.1038/150405d0
17. Kivelson MG, Russell CT. Introduction to space physics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1995.
18. Bodansky D. Nuclear energy: principles, practices, and prospects. 2nd ed. Cham: Springer; 2004.
19. Curli B. The Origins of Euratom’s research on controlled thermonuclear fusion: cold war politics and European integration, 1958-1968. Contemp Eur Hist. 2024;33(1):267-285. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0960777322000133
20. Freire Jr. O. David Bohm, sua estada no Brasil e a teoria quântica. Estud Avanç. 1994;8(20). https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-40141994000100012
21. Pines D, Bohm D. A collective description of electron interactions: II. Collective and individual particle aspects of the interactions. Phys Rev. 1952;85(3):338-353. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.85.338
22. Pines D, Bohm D. A collective description of electron interactions: III. Coulomb interactions in a degenerate electron gas. Phys Rev. 1953;92(3):609-625. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.92.609
23. Peat FD. Infinite potential: the life and times of David Bohm. Reading: Addison-Wesley; 1997.
24. Oliveira JEB. Prof. Dr. José Edimar Barbosa Oliveira – Um legado para a Defesa Nacional e para o Brasil. Spectrum. 2024;25(1):36-47. https://doi.org/10.55972/spectrum.v25i1.405
25. Freire GFO, Diniz AB. Ondas eletromagnéticas. São Paulo: EDUSP; 1973.
26. Elfimov AG, Galvão RMO, Galkin SA, Ivanov AA, Medvedev SY. Calculations of Alfven wave heating in TCABR tokamak. Braz J Phys. 2002;32(1):42-50. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-97332002000100007
27. Group of Plasma Physics and Controlled Thermonuclear Fusion (GFPFTC), Departamento de Eletrônica Quântica, Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP); [no date]. Available from: https://portal.ifi.unicamp.br/en/research/deq-department-of-quantum-electronics/group-of-plasma-physicsand-controlled-thermonuclear-fusion-gfpftc
28. Ludwig GO, Del Bosco E, Ferreira JG, Berni LA, Oliveira RM, Andrade MCR, et al. Spherical tokamak development in Brazil. Braz J Phys. 2003;33(4). https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-97332003000400041
29. Qualidade fortalece intercâmbio com o exterior (2021) Pesquisa FAPESP. 2002. Available from: https://revistapesquisa.fapesp.br/qualidade-fortalece-intercambio-com-o-exterior/
30. Laboratório de Microeletrônica – PSIEP-USP. SlideShare; [no date]. Available from: https://pt.slideshare.net/slideshow/laboratrio-de-microeletrnica-psiepusp/8437909/
31. Silva EC, Caldas IL, Viana RL, Sanjuán MAF. Escape patterns, magnetic footprints, and homoclinic tangles due to ergodic magnetic limiters. Phys Plasmas. 2002;9(12):4917-4928. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1518681
32. Abdu MA, Souza JR, Batista IS, Sobral JHA. Equatorial spread F statistics and empirical representation for IRI: a regional model for the Brazilian longitude sector. Adv Space Res. 2003;31(3):703-716. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0273-1177(03)00031-0
33. Batista IS, Abdu MA, Paula ER, Sobral JHA, Muralikrishna P, Medeiros RT. Plasma bubbles and equatorial spread-F irregularity studies over Brazil. Proc Int Conf Plasma Phys. 1994;2:195-198. https://www.osti.gov/etdeweb/biblio/236747
34. Gouveia Dal Pino EM, Peratt AL, Medina Tanco GA, Chian ACL, eds. Advanced topics on astrophysical and space plasmas: proceedings of the Advanced School on Astrophysical and Space Plasmas; 1996; Guarujá, Brazil. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5466-6
35. Gouveia Dal Pino EM. Astrophysical jets and outflows. Adv Space Res. 2005;35(5):908-924. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2005.03.145
36. Salvador FM, Bouzan AS, Ramos Jr. R, Asnis YP, Kleiner A, Ferraro NM, et al. Conceptual design of ELM control coils for the TCABR tokamak. Fusion Eng Des. 2025;211:114788. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2024.114788
37. Ruchko LF, Lerche EA, Galvão RMO, Elfimov AG, Nascimento IC, de Sá WP, et al. The analysis of Alfvén wave current drive and plasma heating in TCABR tokamak. Braz J Phys. 2002;32(1):57.https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-97332002000100012
38. Bellintani V, Elfimov AG, Elizondo JI, Fagundes AN, Fonseca AMM, Galvão RMO, et al. Overview of recent results of TCABR. AIP Conf Proc. 2006;875:350-6. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2405964
39. Caldas IL, Viana RL, Abud CV, Fonseca JD, Guimarães-Filho ZO, Kroetz T, et al. Shearless transport barriers in magnetically confined plasmas. Plasma Phys Control Fusion. 2012;54(12):124035.https://doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/54/12/124035
40. Canal GP, Santos AO, Komatsu W, Sa WP, Severo JHF, Kassab F, et al. An overview of the upgrade of the TCABR tokamak. In: 12th IAEA Technical Meeting on Control, Data Acquisition and Remote Participation for Fusion Research (CODAC 2019); 2019 May 13-17; Daejeon, Republic of Korea. Vienna (AT): IAEA; 2019. https://conferences.iaea.org/event/180/contributions/14417/
41. Canal GP. Modernização do tokamak TCABR para estudos de supressão de ELMs por campos RMP. In: I Seminário Nacional de Fusão Nuclear (SNFN); 2021 Aug 12; Comissão Nacional de Energia Nuclear (CNEN), São Paulo (SP), Brazil. Available from: https://www.gov.br/cnen/pt-br/assunto/pesquisa-desenvolvimento-e-ensino-na-area-nuclear/copy_of_GustavoPaganiniCanalModernizaodoTokamakTCABRparaEstudosdeSupressodeELMsporCamposRM_compressed1.pdf
42. Peng Y-KM, Strickler DJ. Features of spherical torus plasmas. Nucl Fusion. 1986;26(6):769-77. https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/26/6/005
43. Berni LA, Del Bosco E, Ferreira JG, Ludwig GO, Oliveira RM, Shibata CS, et al. Overview and initial results of the ETE spherical tokamak. In: 19th IAEA Fusion Energy Conference; 2002 Oct 14-19; Lyon, France. Vienna: IAEA; 2002. p. 1-5. https://www-pub.iaea.org/mtcd/publications/pdf/csp_019c/pdf/exp4_20.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com
44. Berni LA, Ueda M, Del Bosco E, Ferreira JG, Oliveira RM, Vilela WA. Thomson scattering system for the diagnosis of the ETE spherical tokamak plasma. Rev Sci Instrum. 2003;74(3):1200-1204. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1540717
45. Laboratório de Plasma – UNICAMP. História do Laboratório de Plasma da Unicamp. Campinas: Universidade Estadual de Campinas; [no date] Available from: https://plasma.unicamp.br/historia/
46. Plasma Laboratory – UNICAMP. NOVA-UNICAMP tokamak: history and technical description. Campinas: Universidade de Campinas.
47. Daltrini AM, Machida M, Trevisan MG, Nascimento F, Galvão RMO, Sakanaka PH. Tokamak NOVA-UNICAMP recent results. Braz J Phys. 2002;32(1):184-191. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-97332002000100005
48. Daltrini AM, Machida M, Trevisan MG, Galvão RMO, Sakanaka PH. Vacuum ultraviolet and visible spectroscopy diagnostics on the NOVA-UNICAMP tokamak. Braz J Phys. 2001; 31(3): 468-475.https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-97332001000300024
49. Ishii M, Costa JER, Kuznetsova MM, Andries J, Gopalswamy N, Belehaki A, et al. Pathways to global coordination in space weather: international organizations, initiatives, and space agencies. Adv Space Res. 2024;74(5):1650-1668. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2024.06.017
50. Denardini CM, Dasso S, Gonzalez-Esparza JA. Review on space weather in Latin America. 2. The research networks ready for space weather. Adv Space Res. 2016; 58(10): 1940-1959. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2016.03.013
51. Sobral JHA, Abdu MA, Takahashi H, Taylor MJ, Paula ER, Zamlutti CJ, et al. Ionospheric plasma bubble climatology over Brazil based on 22 years (1977-1998) of 630 nm airglow observations. J Atmos Sol Terr Phys. 2002;64 (13-14):1517-1524. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1364-6826(02)00089-5
52. Takahashi H, Wrasse CM, Otsuka Y, Ivo A, Gomes V, Paulino I, et al. Plasma bubble monitoring by TEC map and 630 nm airglow image. J Atmos Sol Terr Phys. 2015;130-131:151-158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2015.06.003
53. Paula ER, Monico JFG, Tsuchiya IH, Valladares CE, Costa SMA, Marini-Pereira L, et al. A retrospective of Global Navigation Satellite System ionospheric irregularities monitoring networks in Brazil. J Aerosp Technol Manag. 2023; 15: e 0123. https://doi.org/10.1590/jatm.v15.1288
54. Denardini CM, Chen SS, Resende LCA, Moro J, Bilibio AV, Fagundes PR, et al. The Embrace magnetometer network for South America: first scientific results. Radio Sci. 2018;53(3):288-305. https://doi.org/10.1002/2018RS006540
55. Denardini CM, Picanço GAS, Barbosa Neto PF, Bilibio AV, Resende LCA, Chen SS, et al. Ionospheric scale index map based on TEC data for space weather application over South America. Space Weather. 2020;18(9):e2019SW002328.https://doi.org/10.1029/2019SW002328
56. Gessini P, Habl LTC, Barcelos Jr. MND, Ferreira JL, Marques RI, Coletti M. Low power ablative pulsed plasma thrusters. In: Proceedings of the 33rd International Electric Propulsion Conference (IEPC-2013); 2013 Oct 6-10; Washington, DC, USA. IEPC-2013-344. https://electricrocket.org/IEPC/dgg7vi7h.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com
57. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE). Sucesso no primeiro teste no modo de alta-velocidade de ejeção do propulsor elétrico VSI-PPT. INPE News 2024 Mar 08. Available from: https://www.gov.br/inpe/pt-br/assuntos/ultimas-noticias/sucesso-no-primeiro-teste-no-modo-de-alta-velocidade-de-ejecao-do-propulsoreletrico-vsi-ppt
58. Ferreira JL, Soares Ferreira I, Santos JC, Possa G, Habl LTC, Gessini P, et al. PHALL – A hall plasma thruster with permanent magnets. In: XVI Congresso Brasileiro de Dinâmica e Controle Orbital (CBDO); 2012 Nov 26-30; São Bernardo do Campo: UFABC, Engenharia Aeroespacial; 2012. Available from: https://engenhariaaeroespacial.ufabc.edu.br/XVICBDO/JLSilva.pdf
59. São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP). Astronomy Research 2017 – Research supported by FAPESP in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. São Paulo: FAPESP; 2017. p.10-11. Available from: https://centrodememoria.fapesp.br/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Astronomy-research-projects.pdf
60. Gouveia Dal Pino EM. Plasma astrophysics notes. Lecture notes. São Paulo: Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas, Universidade de São Paulo; 2005.
61. Grupo de Astrofísica de Altas Energias e Plasmas - IAG-USP. CTA - Cherenkov Telescope Array. Rede Paulista de Astrofísica de Altas Energias, Grupo de Astrofísica de Altas Energias e Plasmas – IAG-USP. Rede Paulista de Astrofísica de Altas Energias, Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas, Universidade de São Paulo; 2000.
62. Gouveia Dal Pino EM, Graziani A, Mello RF. Investigação de fenômenos de astrofísica de plasmas e altas energias: instalação do ASTRI Mini-Array. FAPESP Grant 21/02120-0, São Paulo Research Foundation, São Paulo (BR). Available from: https://bv.fapesp.br/pt/auxilios/112853/investigacao-de-fenomenos-de-astrofisicade-plasmas-e-altas-energias-instalacao-do-astri-mini-array-/
63. Laboratório de Plasmas e Processos. Oportunidades de bolsas de pesquisa e desenvolvimento; [no date]. Available from: https://www.lpp.ita.br/
64. Recco AAC, Tschiptschin AP, Fontana LC. Deposições reativas por triodo-magnetron-sputtering (TMS): efeitos da malha da tela no processo de envenenamento do alvo na obtenção de filmes de TINb. São Paulo: ABM; 2005.
65. Carneiro da Silva F, Matos Macedo M, Costa Miscione JM, Fontana LC, Sagás JC, Câmara Cozza R, et al. Use of ball-cratering wear test and nanoscratching test to compare the wear resistance of homogeneous and functionally graded titanium nitride thin films. J Mater Res Technol. 2023;22:54-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2022.11.049
66. Ramalho CZ, Cioffi MOH, Klaffke B, Mota RP, Honda RY, Algatti MA, et al. Study of the mechanical stability of HMDSN plasma polymerized thin films. Polym Prepr. 1997;38(1):1010-1011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/219383
67. Mota RP, Aramaki EA, Kayama ME. Optical and structural properties of PEO-like plasma polymers. Mol Cryst Liq Cryst Sci Technol A. 2002;374 (1): 415-420. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/713738263?__cf_chl_tk=c3SMLAV.AIdUmrO20.6MSnuPAjU8WpNIm76KwjcQU7Q-1764610749-1.0.1.1-u9QqWz2dP95Ik7NYmfpcbJBK2v6vetYypvrU_jaZfRo
68. Bigansolli AR, Honda RY, Algatti MA, Mota RP, Kayama ME. Radiofrequency power behaviour of low-pressure triglyme plasmas. Rev Bras Apl Vácuo. 2015; 34(2): 81-85. https://doi.org/10.17563/rbav.v34i2.990
69. Kodaira FVP, Ricci Castro AH, Prysiazhnyi V, Mota RP, Quade A, Kostov KG. Characterization of plasma polymerized HMDSN films deposited by atmospheric plasma jet. Surf Coat Technol. 2017;312:117-122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2016.11.109
70. Marques ISV, Barão VAR, Cruz NC, Yuan JC, Mesquita MF, Ricomini-Filho AP, et al. Electrochemical behavior of bioactive coatings on cp-Ti surface for dental application. Corros Sci. 2015;100:133-146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2015.07.019
71. Cruz NC, Rangel EC, Wang J, Trasferetti BC, Davanzo CU, Castro SGC, et al. Properties of titanium oxide films obtained by PECVD. Surf Coat Technol. 2000;126(2-3):123-130. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0257-8972(00)00531-4
72. Chaves M, Ramos R, Martins E, Rangel EC, Cruz NC, Durrant SF, et al. Al-doping and properties of AZO thin films grown at room temperature: sputtering pressure effect. Mater Res. 2019;22(2):e20180665. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5373-MR-2018-0665
73. Zamperini CA, Machado AL, Vergani CE, Pavarina AC, Giampaolo ET, Cruz NC. Adherence in vitro of Candida albicans to plasma-treated acrylic resin: effect of plasma parameters, surface roughness, and salivary pellicle. Arch Oral Biol. 2010;55(10):763-770. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archoralbio.2010.06.015
74. Campomanes RR, Dias da Silva JH, Cardoso LP, Vilcarromero J. Crystallization of amorphous GaAs films prepared onto different substrates. J Non-Cryst Solids. 2002;299-302:788-792. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3093(01)00983-8
75. Leite DMG, Silva LF, Pereira ALJ, Dias da Silva JH. Nanocrystalline Ga1 − xMnxN films grown by reactive sputtering. J Cryst Growth. 2006;294(2):309-314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2006.07.012
76. Instituto Nacional de Engenharia de Superfícies (INCT-INES). O Instituto. 2025 Nov 16. Available from: https://engenhariadesuperficies.com.br/quem-somos.asp
77. Sousa RRM, Araújo FO, Costa JAP, Brandim AS, Brito RA, Alves Jr. C. Cathodic cage plasma nitriding: an innovative technique. J Metall. 2012;2012:385963. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/385963
78. Alves Jr. C, Araújo FO, Ribeiro KJB, Costa JAP, Sousa RRM, Sousa RS. Use of cathodic cage in plasma nitriding. Surf Coat Technol. 2006;201(6):2450-2454. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2006.04.014
79. Sousa RRM, Araújo FO, Costa THC, Nascimento IO, Santos FEP, Alves Jr. C, et al. Thin TiN and TiO2 film deposition in glass samples by cathodic cage. Mater Res. 2015;18(2):347-352. https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-1439.313914
80. Trava-Airoldi VJ, Bonetti LF, Corat EJ, Ferreira NG, Leite NF. CVD-diamond: an overview of research and development at INPE. Braz J Phys. 1997;27A:93-96. https://www.sbfisica.org.br/bjp/files/v27a_88.pdf
81. Capote G, Bonetti LF, Vieira LF, Trava-Airoldi VJ. Adherent diamond-like carbon coatings on metals via PECVD and IBAD. Braz J Phys. 2006;36(3B):986-989. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-97332006000600050
82. Recent advances related to R&D&I of diamond-CVD and diamond-like carbon (DLC) at INPE and CVDVale. In: Congresso Brasileiro de Engenharia de Superfícies (CBENS); 2019; São José dos Campos (BR). Available from: https://engenhariadesuperficies.com.br/xt_download.asp?idDocumento=27&idNoticia=641
83. Kapczinski MP, Gil C, Kinast EJ, Santos CA, Costa CF, Luz NFM. Surface modification of titanium by plasma nitriding. Mater Res. 2004;7(3):447-452. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-14392003000200023
84. Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnológicas (IPT). IPT desenvolve forno a plasma para reciclagem de alumínio. São Paulo: Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP); 2002 Mar 25. Available from: https://namidia.fapesp.br/ipt-desenvolve-forno-a-plasma-para-reciclagem-de-aluminio/15932
85. Paterniani Rita CC, Miranda FS, Caliari FR, Rocha R, Essiptchouk A, Charakhovski L, et al. Hypersonic plasma setup for oxidation testing of ultrahigh temperature ceramic composites. J Heat Transf. 2020;142(8):082103. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4047150
86. Prado ESP, Miranda FS, Araujo LG. Thermal plasma technology for radioactive waste treatment: a review. J Radioanal Nucl Chem. 2020;325:331-342. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-020-07269-4
87. Mourão R, Marquesi AR, Gorbunov AV, Petraconi Filho G, Halinouski AA, Otani C. Thermochemical assessment of gasification process efficiency of biofuels industry waste with different plasma oxidants. IEEE Trans Plasma Sci. 2015; 43(10):3760-3767. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2015.2416129
88. Centro de Ciências Exatas – CCE UFES. Laboratórios Vitória (ES): Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo; [no date]. Available from: https://cce.ufes.br/laboratorios
89. TTI Thermtec. Sobre Rolândia (PR): TTI Thermtec; [no date]. Available from:https://ttiplasma.com.br/sobre/
90. Plasmar Tecnologia. A Empresa. Caxias do Sul (RS): Plasmar Tecnologia; [no date]. Available from: https://sitewoo.com.br/plasmar/a-empresa/
91. Recaltech. A Recaltech. Lorena (SP): Recaltech; [no date]. Available from: https://www.recaltech.com.br/arecaltech
92. Unipac. Unipac inova com tratamento a plasma para reciclagem de alumínio; [no date]. Available from: https://unipac.com.br/noticias/embalagens/unipac-inova-com-tratamento-a-plasma-para-barreira-em-embalagens
93. Surface – Plasma Engineering and Solutions Ltda. BalticNet PlasmaTec; [no date]. Available from: https://www.balticnet-plasmatec.org/member-item/surface-plasma-engineering-and-solutions-ltda/
94. Agência FAPESP. Technology extends industrial applications of synthetic diamonds. 2017 Nov 15. Available from: https://agencia.fapesp.br/technology-extends-industrial-applications-of-synthetic-diamonds/26642
95. Turbomachine. Technology. Jacareí (SP), Brazil: Turbomachine; [no date]. Available from: https://www.turbomachine.com.br/
96. Niit Plasma. Equipamentos. Araquari (SC): Niit Plasma; [no date]. Available from: https://niitplasma.com.br/linha-equipamentos/
97. Koga-Ito CY, Kostov KG, Miranda FS. Cold atmospheric plasma as a therapeutic tool in medicine and dentistry. Plasma Chem Plasma Process. 2024;44:1393-429. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11090-023-10380-5
98. Borges AC, Kostov KG, Pessoa RS, Abreu GMA, Lima GMG, Figueira LW, et al. Applications of cold atmospheric pressure plasma in dentistry. Appl Sci. 2021;11:1975. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11051975
99. Konchekov EM, Gusein-zade N, Burmistrov DE, Kolik LV, Dorokhov AS, Izmailov AY, et al. Advancements in plasma agriculture:a review of recent studies. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24:15093. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242015093
100. Yin Y, Xu H, Zhu Y, Zhuang J, Ma R, Cui D, et al. Recent progress in applications of atmospheric pressure plasma for water organic contaminants’ degradation. Appl Sci. 2023;13:12631. https://doi.org/10.3390/app132312631
101. Ahmed MW, Gul K, Mumtaz S. Recent advances in cold atmospheric pressure plasma for E. coli decontamination in food: a review. Plasma. 2025;8:18. https://doi.org/10.3390/plasma8020018
102. Milhan NVM, Chiappim W, Sampaio AG, Vegian MRC, Pessoa RS, Koga-Ito CY. Applications of plasma-activated water in dentistry: a review. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23:4131. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23084131
103. Miranda FS, Azevedo Neto NF, Koga-Ito CY, Pessoa RS. Influence of NaCl concentration on reactive species formation in plasma-activated saline solutions using coaxial DBD. Phys Scr. 2025;100(7):075611. https://doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/ade015
104. Lima LG, Marcondes MS, Azevedo Neto NF, Queiroz RC, Tada DB, Alves Junior C, et al. Comparative effects of direct plasma treatment and plasma-activated media on B16F10 cancer cells using a multipoint surface dielectric barrier discharge system. J Phys D Appl Phys. 2025;58(13):135201. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/adac6c
105. Rovetta-Nogueira SM, Miranda FS, Silva DM, Marcondes MS, Pessoa RS, Koga-Ito CY. Antifungal efficacy of plasma-activated liquids against Candida albicans: a potential alternative for oral candidiasis treatment. ACS Omega. 2025;10:52689-52702. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.5c06368
106. Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo. Use of low temperature atmospheric pressure plasma in dentistry: from laboratory bench to clinics. Biblioteca Virtual FAPESP; 2020. Available from: https://bv.fapesp.br/en/auxilios/106334
107. Shiotani M, Gonçalves L, Miranda F, Leite LD, Tavares VKF, Azevedo Neto NF, et al. Plasma-activated water generated by surface-wave sustained discharge: physicochemical properties and antimicrobial efficacy. Braz J Phys. 2026; 56(4). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13538-025-01930-7
108. Azevedo Neto NF, Gomes OP, Miranda FS, Lisboa-Filho PN, Batagin-Neto A, Bégué D, et al. Theoretical and experimental investigation of UV-Vis absorption spectra in plasma-activated water. Eur Phys J D. 2025;79:126. https://doi.org/10.1140/epjd/s10053-025-01074-y
109. Karnopp J, Barros HCS, Vieira TM, Hasan MI, Sagás JC, Pessoa RS. Long-lived RONS effects on plasma-activated water physicochemical properties. J Phys D Appl Phys. 2025;58(27):275202. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/ade44c
110. Kury M, Antonialli FM, Soares LES, Tabchoury CPM, Giannini M, Florez FLE, et al. Effects of violet radiation and nonthermal atmospheric plasma on the mineral contents of enamel during in-office dental bleaching. Photodiagn Photodyn Ther. 2020;31:101848. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101848
111. Freires LEC, Freitas RS, Holanda AGA, Júnior CA, Moura CEB, Queiroz GF. Uso do plasma atmosférico a frio no tratamento do carcinoma de células escamosas felino em estágio avançado. Braz J Case Rep. 2022;2(Suppl.3):212-217. https://doi.org/10.52600/2763-583X.bjcr.2022.2.Suppl.3.212-217
112. Alves Júnior C, Pereira TT O, Melo RR, Silva HF, Medeiros, Barbosa JCP. Características elétricas e eficiência energética de um sistema de descarga de barreira dielétrica. Rev Bras Apl Vácuo. 2018;36:107-113. https://doi.org/10.17563/rbav.v36i3.1079
113. Estadão. O plasma frio conquista o Brasil: a Terraplasma Medical anuncia a autorização de comercialização e o lançamento no mercado do Plasma Care® PR Newswire; 2023 Dec 11. Available from: https://bluestudio. estadao.com.br/agencia-de-comunicacao/prnewswire/prnewsinternacional/o-plasma-frio-conquista-o-brasil-aterraplasma-medical-anuncia-a-autorizacao-de-comercializacao-e-o-lancamento-no-mercado-do-plasma-care/
114. Alyaplasma. Alyaplasma – Terapia com plasma físico no tratamento de feridas; [no date]. Available from: https://alyaplasma.com.br/
115. Bueno FCP, Martins RA Lopes, Matias M, Miranda CE, Farinha DM. Aplicação de plasma atmosférico frio em forma de descarga dielétrica de barreira (DBD) no controle do melasma: efeitos na modulação de melanogênese e na permeabilidade cutânea para ativos tópicos. Rev FT. 2025;29(146). https://doi.org/10.69849/revistaft/cl10202505201142
116. Universidade Federal Rural do Semi Árido (UFERSA). Laboratório de Processamento de Materiais por Plasma LabPlasma PPGCEM; 2016 Jan 05. Available from:https://ppgcem.ufersa.edu.br/pesquisa-3-gruposelaboratorios/labplasma/
117. Alves-Junior C, Lima LJA, Oliveira Vitoriano J, Silva Campêlo MC, Carvalho de Figueirêdo L. Comparison of performance of cold atmospheric plasma and biocides on the inactivation of Alternaria sp. IEEE Trans Plasma Sci. 2022;50(11):3214145. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2022.3214145
118. Alves Junior C, Costa IKF, Vitoriano JO, Negreiros AMP, Sales Junior R. Efeito do plasma frio atmosférico em revestimento de cera de carnaúba na inativação de Colletotrichum brevisporum. Rev Matéria. 2021;26(2). https://doi.org/10.1590/S1517-707620210002.1275
119. Filgueira GA, Pessoa RS, Yamamoto RK, Alves C, Silva Sobrinho AS. Plasma-activated tap water by gliding arc discharge through bubbles using an inverted reactor approach. IEEE Trans Plasma Sci. 2024;52(8):3127-3133. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2024.3431942
120. O Presente Rural. Unipac inova com tecnologia de plasma em embalagens plásticas. 2021 Jan 6. Available from: https://opresenterural.com.br/unipac-inova-com-tecnologia-de-plasma-em-embalagens-plasticas-/142951/
121. Marson EO, Paniagua CES, Gomes Júnior O, Gonçalves BR, Starling MCV M, Amorim CC. A review toward contaminants of emerging concern in Brazil: occurrence, impact and their degradation by advanced oxidation process in aquatic matrices. Sci Total Environ. 2022;836:155605. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155605
122. Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES). Bolsista desenvolve tecnologia pioneira para tratar poluição. 2017 Aug 14. Available from: https://www.gov.br/capes/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/bolsista-desenvolve-tecnologia-pioneira-para-tratar-poluicao
123. Sociedade Brasileira de Física. Relatório da Comissão de Física de Plasmas – 2022. São Paulo: SBF; 2022. Available from: https://www.sbfisica.org.br/v1/sbf/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/PLA-2022.pdf
124. Encontro Brasileiro de Física dos Plasmas (EBFP). Proceedings of the First Brazilian Meeting on Plasma Physics; 1991 Dec 11 13; São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil. São Paulo: Sociedade Brasileira de Física (SBF); 1991. Available from: https://inis-temp.iaea.org/search/searchsinglerecord.aspx?RN=26043488&recordsFor=SingleRecord
125. Sociedade Brasileira de Física (SBF). Eventos. São Paulo: Sociedade Brasileira de Física; [no date]. Available from: https://www.sbfisica.org.br/v1/sbf/eventos/
126. Andrade RO. Ciência à míngua. Revista Pesquisa FAPESP; 2021 Jun 02. Available from: https://revistapesquisa.fapesp.br/ciencia-a-mingua/
127. Andrade RO. Congresso derruba veto e proíbe novos bloqueios do FNDCT. Revista Pesquisa FAPESP; 2021 Mar 18. https://revistapesquisa.fapesp.br/congresso-derruba-veto-e-proibe-novos-bloqueios-do-fndct/
128. Sindicato Nacional dos Docentes das Instituições de Ensino Superior (ANDES SN). Pesquisa nacional luta para sobreviver asfixiada por cortes orçamentários. 2022 Jul 08. Available from: https://www.andes.org.br/conteudos/noticia/pesquisa-nacional-luta-para-sobreviver-asfixiada-por-cortes-orcamentarios1
129. Westin R. Corte de verbas da ciência prejudica reação à pandemia e desenvolvimento do país. Agência Senado. 2020 Sep 25. Available from: https://www12.senado.leg.br/noticias/infomaterias/2020/09/corte-de-verbas-daciencia-prejudica-reacao-a-pandemia-e-desenvolvimento-do-pais
130. Academia Brasileira de Ciências (ABC). Lei Complementar 177/2021 é promulgada no Congresso. 2021 Mar 28. Available from: https://www.abc.org.br/2021/03/28/lei-177-2021-e-promulgada-no-congresso/
131. Tribunal de Contas da União (TCU). TCU analisa mudanças no Fundo Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico. 2024 Feb.Available from: https://portal.tcu.gov.br/imprensa/noticias/tcu-analisa-mudancas-nofundo-nacional-de-desenvolvimento-cientifico-e-tecnologico.htm
132. Quintans-Júnior LJ, Albuquerque GR, Oliveira SC, Silva RR. Brazil’s research budget: endless setbacks. EXCLI J. 2020;19:1322-4. https://doi.org/10.17179/excli2020-2887
133. Cassiolato JE, Lastres HMM, Soares MC. The Brazilian national system of innovation: challenges to sustainability and inclusive development. In: Dutrénit G, Sutz J, editors. National innovation systems, social inclusion and development: the Latin American experience. Cheltenham/Northampton: Edward Elgar; 2014. p. 68 101. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781782548683.00008
134. Andrade RO. Congresso derruba veto e proíbe novos bloqueios do FNDCT, principal fundo de fomento à pesquisa no país. Revista Pesquisa FAPESP; 2021 Mar 18. Available from: https://revistapesquisa.fapesp.br/congresso-derruba-veto-e-proibe-novos-bloqueios-do-fndct/
135. Data Bridge Market Research. Global Cold Plasma Market Size, Trends, Growth Report 2032. 2023. Available from: https://www.databridgemarketresearch.com/reports/global-cold-plasma-market
136. Research and Markets. Cold Plasma Market by Industry (Textile, Electronics & Semiconductors, Polymer & Plastic, Food & Agriculture, Medical, Cosmetic), Application (Surface Treatment & Activation, Wound Healing), Regime (Atmospheric, Low Pressure) – Global Forecast to 2029. 2025 Mar. Available from: https://www.researchandmarkets.com/report/cold-plasma
137. Adamovich I, Agarwal S, Ahedo E, Alves LL, Baalrud S, Babaeva N, et al. The 2022 Plasma Roadmap: low temperature plasma science and technology. J Phys D Appl Phys. 2022;55(37):373001. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/ac5e1c
138. Bogaerts A. Plasma technology for the electrification of chemical reactions. Nat Chem Eng. 2025;2:336-340. https://doi.org/10.1038/s44286-025-00229-3
Downloads
Publicado
Edição
Seção
Licença
Direitos autorais (c) 2025 Rodrigo Sávio Pessoa, Gilberto Petraconi Filho, Douglas Marcel Leite, André Luis Jesus Pereira, Argemiro Soares da Silva Sobrinho, Homero Santiago Maciel
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
