ADVANCES IN PLASMA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN BRAZIL: FROM ORIGINS TO PRESENT
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17563/rbav.v44i1.1274Keywords:
Plasma technology, Fusion energy, Space plasma, Atmospheric plasma, Plasma medicine and agricultureAbstract
This review analyzes the evolution of plasma science and technology in Brazil, tracing its development from mid-20th-century origins to a consolidated, multi-institutional ecosystem. Organized around four core pillars – controlled fusion, technological plasmas under vacuum and at high temperature, basic plasma phenomena, and space and astrophysical plasmas – the review situates Brazilian progress within international advances in fusion, ionospheric physics, materials engineering, and plasma medicine. It synthesizes the legacy of vacuum-based efforts, including tokamak programs, electric propulsion, thin-film and surface-engineering technologies, and decades of ionospheric and space-weather research enabled by Brazil’s equatorial location. The article examines the emergence of a distributed network of laboratories and companies linking the University of São Paulo (USP), National Institute for Space Research (INPE), Aeronautics Institute of Technology (ITA), State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo State University (UNESP), and partner institutions to applications in aerospace, energy, manufacturing, agribusiness, and health. Particular emphasis is placed on the recent expansion of atmospheric-pressure plasma research, including cold atmospheric plasmas and plasma-activated liquids, which now support translational advances in medicine, dentistry, agriculture, environmental remediation, and catalysis, with the Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency (ANVISA)-approved devices and pilot-scale demonstrations. The review also discusses governance, community organization, and the effects of persistent funding constraints, noting the vulnerability of longhorizon research such as fusion and fundamental plasma physics. It concludes by identifying opportunities for mission-oriented programs in fusion and space, plasma-enabled decarbonization and green chemistry, industrial scale-up, and coordinated use of shared facilities to strengthen national competitiveness and support sustainable development.
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